Three-dimensional Analysis of Eye Movements Induced by Roll and Pitch Tilt.

Three dimensional eye movements of squirrel monkeys following postrotatory tilt.

Three-dimensional squirrel monkey eye movements were recorded during and immediately following rotation around an earth-vertical yaw axis (160 degrees/s steady state, 100 degrees/s2 acceleration and deceleration). To study interactions between the horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and head orientation, postrotatory VOR alignment was changed relative to gravity by tilting the head...

Effect of light sleep on three-dimensional eye position in static roll and pitch

We examined three-dimensional eye positions in alertness and light sleep when monkeys were placed in different roll and pitch body orientations. In alertness, eye positions were confined to a fronto-parallel (Listing's) plane, torsional variability was small and static roll or pitch induced a torsional shift or vertical rotation of these planes. In light sleep, the planes rotated temporally by ...

Three-dimensional eye position during static roll and pitch in humans

We investigated how three-dimensional (3D) eye position is influenced by static head position relative to gravity, a reflex probably mediated by the otolith organs. In monkeys, the torsional component of eye position is modulated by gravity, but little data is available in humans. Subjects were held in different head/body tilts in roll and pitch for 35 s while we measured 3D eye position with s...

Three-dimensional Kinematics of Eye, Head and Limb Movements

Neural control of three-dimensional eye and head movements.

Although the eyes and head can potentially rotate about any three-dimensional axis during orienting gaze shifts, behavioral recordings have shown that certain lawful strategies--such as Listing's law and Donders' law--determine which axis is used for a particular sensory input. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the neuromuscular mechanisms for these laws, the neural mechanisms th...